Chinese Pinyin Chart | Initials | Finals

This page includes a total of 62 Chinese pinyin symbols, covering all initials and finals used in modern standard Mandarin Chinese. Pinyin is a writing system based on the Latin alphabet, officially promulgated by the Committee for the Reform of the Chinese Written Language in 1958, and is the internationally accepted Romanization system for Chinese. The Chinese Pinyin Chart | Initials | Finals is a core tool for language teaching; each pinyin symbol carries a specific phonetic function and is widely used in dictionary lookups, computer input, and international Chinese education. Below is a detailed introduction to each symbol's technical parameters and usage scenarios, organized by category.

🗣️ Initials (Consonants)

b is the initial 'b', a bilabial unaspirated voiceless plosive, often used to spell characters like "爸" (bà) and "白" (bái). Its Unicode is U+0062. In LaTeX, you simply type 'b', and in HTML, the character is usually used directly. p is the initial 'p', a bilabial aspirated voiceless plosive, used in "怕" (pà) and "拍" (pāi). Its Unicode is U+0070, and its pronunciation has a strong burst of air. m is the initial 'm', a bilabial nasal, used in "妈" (mā) and "买" (mǎi). Its Unicode is U+006D. f is the initial 'f', a labiodental voiceless fricative, used in "发" (fā) and "飞" (fēi). Its Unicode is U+0066. d is the initial 'd', an alveolar unaspirated voiceless plosive, used in "大" (dà) and "代" (dài). Its Unicode is U+0064. t is the initial 't', an alveolar aspirated voiceless plosive, used in "他" (tā) and "太" (tài). Its Unicode is U+0074. n is the initial 'n', an alveolar nasal, used in "那" (nà) and "奶" (nǎi). Its Unicode is U+006E. l is the initial 'l', an alveolar lateral approximant, used in "拉" (lā) and "来" (lái). Its Unicode is U+006C. g is the initial 'g', a velar unaspirated voiceless plosive, used in "嘎" (gā) and "该" (gāi). Its Unicode is U+0067. k is the initial 'k', a velar aspirated voiceless plosive, used in "卡" (kǎ) and "开" (kāi). Its Unicode is U+006B. h is the initial 'h', a velar voiceless fricative, used in "哈" (hā) and "海" (hǎi). Its Unicode is U+0068. j is the initial 'j', an alveolo-palatal unaspirated voiceless affricate, used in "家" (jiā) and "尖" (jiān). Its Unicode is U+006A. q is the initial 'q', an alveolo-palatal aspirated voiceless affricate, used in "恰" (qià) and "千" (qiān). Its Unicode is U+0071. x is the initial 'x', an alveolo-palatal voiceless fricative, used in "下" (xià) and "先" (xiān). Its Unicode is U+0078. zh is the initial 'zh', a retroflex unaspirated voiceless affricate, used in "扎" (zhā) and "中" (zhōng). Its Unicode is U+007A & U+0068, making it a digraph initial; note that it must be typed together in input methods. ch is the initial 'ch', a retroflex aspirated voiceless affricate, used in "查" (chá) and "冲" (chōng). Its Unicode is U+0063 & U+0068. sh is the initial 'sh', a retroflex voiceless fricative, used in "沙" (shā) and "生" (shēng). Its Unicode is U+0073 & U+0068. r is the initial 'r', a retroflex voiced fricative, used in "热" (rè) and "人" (rén). Its Unicode is U+0072. z is the initial 'z', an alveolar unaspirated voiceless affricate, used in "杂" (zá) and "左" (zuǒ). Its Unicode is U+007A. c is the initial 'c', an alveolar aspirated voiceless affricate, used in "擦" (cā) and "次" (cì). Its Unicode is U+0063. s is the initial 's', an alveolar voiceless fricative, used in "撒" (sā) and "三" (sān). Its Unicode is U+0073. y is the initial 'y', which acts as a separating letter for zero-initial syllables, used in "呀" (yā) and "也" (yě). Its Unicode is U+0079. w is the initial 'w', also a separating letter for zero-initial syllables, used in "蛙" (wā) and "我" (wǒ). Its Unicode is U+0077.

🎵 Finals | Simple and Compound Finals

a is the final 'a', an open unrounded simple vowel, used in "啊" (ā) and "巴" (bā). Its Unicode is U+0061. o is the final 'o', a rounded mid vowel, used in "哦" (ó) and "波" (bō). Its Unicode is U+006F. e is the final 'e', an unrounded mid vowel, used in "鹅" (é) and "车" (chē). Its Unicode is U+0065. i is the final 'i', an unrounded high front simple vowel, used in "衣" (yī) and "比" (bǐ). Its Unicode is U+0069. u is the final 'u', a rounded high back simple vowel, used in "乌" (wū) and "不" (bù). Its Unicode is U+0075. ü is the final 'ü', a rounded high front simple vowel, used in "鱼" (yú) and "绿" (lǜ). Its Unicode is U+00FC. It can be replaced by 'v' on the keyboard, but the umlaut must be added in formal writing. ai is the final 'ai', a falling diphthong, used in "爱" (ài) and "白" (bái). Its Unicode is U+0061 & U+0069. ei is the final 'ei', a falling diphthong, used in "诶" (ēi) and "北" (běi). Its Unicode is U+0065 & U+0069. ao is the final 'ao', a falling diphthong, used in "奥" (ào) and "包" (bāo). Its Unicode is U+0061 & U+006F. ou is the final 'ou', a falling diphthong, used in "欧" (ōu) and "都" (dōu). Its Unicode is U+006F & U+0075. ia is the final 'ia', a rising diphthong, used in "呀" (yā) and "家" (jiā). Its Unicode is U+0069 & U+0061. ie is the final 'ie', a rising diphthong, used in "也" (yě) and "写" (xiě). Its Unicode is U+0069 & U+0065. ua is the final 'ua', a rising diphthong, used in "蛙" (wā) and "瓜" (guā). Its Unicode is U+0075 & U+0061. uo is the final 'uo', a rising diphthong, used in "窝" (wō) and "多" (duō). Its Unicode is U+0075 & U+006F. üe is the final 'üe', a rising diphthong, used in "月" (yuè) and "学" (xué). Its Unicode is U+00FC & U+0065. Note that the umlaut over 'ü' cannot be omitted before 'e'. iao is the final 'iao', a triphthong, used in "要" (yào) and "小" (xiǎo). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+0061 U+006F. iou is the final 'iou', a triphthong, used in "有" (yǒu) and "牛" (niú). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+006F U+0075. It is usually simplified to 'iu' when spelled. uai is the final 'uai', a triphthong, used in "外" (wài) and "快" (kuài). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0061 U+0069. uei is the final 'uei', a triphthong, used in "为" (wèi) and "对" (duì). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0065 U+0069. It is usually simplified to 'ui'.

👃 Finals | Nasal Finals

an is the final 'an', a front nasal final, used in "安" (ān) and "班" (bān). Its Unicode is U+0061 & U+006E. en is the final 'en', a front nasal final, used in "恩" (ēn) and "本" (běn). Its Unicode is U+0065 & U+006E. in is the final 'in', a front nasal final, used in "音" (yīn) and "民" (mín). Its Unicode is U+0069 & U+006E. ün is the final 'ün', a front nasal final, used in "云" (yún) and "军" (jūn). Its Unicode is U+00FC & U+006E. The umlaut over 'ü' is retained before 'n'. ian is the final 'ian', a front nasal final, used in "烟" (yān) and "天" (tiān). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+0061 U+006E. uan is the final 'uan', a front nasal final, used in "弯" (wān) and "官" (guān). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0061 U+006E. üan is the final 'üan', a front nasal final, used in "元" (yuán) and "全" (quán). Its Unicode is U+00FC U+0061 U+006E. uen is the final 'uen', a front nasal final, used in "温" (wēn) and "论" (lùn). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0065 U+006E. It is usually simplified to 'un'. ang is the final 'ang', a back nasal final, used in "昂" (áng) and "帮" (bāng). Its Unicode is U+0061 U+006E U+0067. eng is the final 'eng', a back nasal final, used in "哼" (hēng) and "风" (fēng). Its Unicode is U+0065 U+006E U+0067. ing is the final 'ing', a back nasal final, used in "英" (yīng) and "明" (míng). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+006E U+0067. ong is the final 'ong', a back nasal final, used in "工" (gōng) and "空" (kōng). Its Unicode is U+006F U+006E U+0067. iang is the final 'iang', a back nasal final, used in "央" (yāng) and "香" (xiāng). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+0061 U+006E U+0067. uang is the final 'uang', a back nasal final, used in "王" (wáng) and "光" (guāng). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0061 U+006E U+0067. ueng is the final 'ueng', a back nasal final, used in the character "翁" (wēng). Its Unicode is U+0075 U+0065 U+006E U+0067. iong is the final 'iong', a back nasal final, used in "用" (yòng) and "穷" (qióng). Its Unicode is U+0069 U+006F U+006E U+0067.

📌 Notes on Using the Chinese Pinyin Chart | Initials | Finals

When using the Chinese Pinyin Chart | Initials | Finals, there are several key points to keep in mind: First, tone is an essential component of Chinese pinyin, but this page only includes letter combinations. In actual use, tone marks must be added, e.g., ā, á, ǎ, à. Second, the final 'ü' is often replaced by 'v' during keyboard input, but in formal literature and LaTeX, a 'u' with a diaeresis (ü) should be used; its Unicode is U+00FC. Third, compound and nasal finals have abbreviated forms in spelling rules, such as 'iou' abbreviated to 'iu', 'uei' to 'ui', and 'uen' to 'un'. These abbreviations must be observed in standard pinyin notation. Fourth, in LaTeX, Chinese pinyin typically involves directly typing Latin letters. If tone marks are needed, you can use the `fontspec` package or a dedicated pinyin package. Fifth, in HTML, Chinese pinyin letters do not require special entities; using UTF-8 encoding directly is fine, but the document's character set must be declared. Sixth, when typesetting ancient texts or special teaching materials vertically, the placement and alignment of pinyin require special attention. Seventh, some historical or dialect pinyin systems (such as Old National Pronunciation or Wade-Giles) differ from the standard in this chart and should be distinguished when used. These points will help you correctly use the Chinese Pinyin Chart | Initials | Finals in different scenarios, improving accuracy in teaching documents and multilingual environments.

💡 Usage Tips

If you need to copy the Unicode, LaTeX hint, or HTML entity of a pinyin letter, simply click on the corresponding pinyin card above, and then click the relevant item in the pop-up detail panel to copy it with one click. Each pinyin symbol can generate SVG vector source code or be downloaded as a 512x512 pixel PNG image with a transparent background, making it convenient for use in lesson plans, courseware, or graphic design. When writing linguistics papers or working on software internationalization, using Unicode encoding is recommended to ensure cross-platform character compatibility. For letters with an umlaut like 'ü', the command `\"{u}` can be used in LaTeX to generate it.