Scientific Chemical Symbols

This page contains a complete collection of 166 scientific and chemical symbols, including 118 chemical elements, chemical formula symbols, stoichiometry symbols, organic chemistry abbreviations, and laboratory icons. These symbols are essential in chemistry education, scientific papers, lab reports, and technical documentation. Each symbol carries precise scientific meaning and is standardized internationally.

🧪 Chemical Elements (118)

H is called the "Hydrogen Symbol". It is the lightest element with atomic number 1. Its Unicode is U+0048, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{H}, and the HTML entity is H.
He is called the "Helium Symbol". It is a noble gas with atomic number 2. Its Unicode is U+0048 U+0065, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{He}, and the HTML entity is He.
Li is called the "Lithium Symbol". It is an alkali metal with atomic number 3. Its Unicode is U+004C U+0069, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Li}, and the HTML entity is Li.
Be is called the "Beryllium Symbol". It is an alkaline earth metal with atomic number 4. Its Unicode is U+0042 U+0065, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Be}, and the HTML entity is Be.
B is called the "Boron Symbol". It is a metalloid with atomic number 5. Its Unicode is U+0042, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{B}, and the HTML entity is B.
C is called the "Carbon Symbol". It is the foundation of organic chemistry with atomic number 6. Its Unicode is U+0043, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{C}, and the HTML entity is C.
N is called the "Nitrogen Symbol". It makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere with atomic number 7. Its Unicode is U+004E, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{N}, and the HTML entity is N.
O is called the "Oxygen Symbol". It supports combustion and respiration with atomic number 8. Its Unicode is U+004F, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{O}, and the HTML entity is O.
F is called the "Fluorine Symbol". It is the most reactive element with atomic number 9. Its Unicode is U+0046, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{F}, and the HTML entity is F.
Ne is called the "Neon Symbol". It is used in neon lights with atomic number 10. Its Unicode is U+004E U+0065, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Ne}, and the HTML entity is Ne.
And 108 more standard chemical element symbols follow the same international naming convention.

➡️ Chemical Formula Symbols (16)

→ is called the "Reaction Arrow Symbol". It indicates the direction of a chemical reaction. Its Unicode is U+2192, the LaTeX command is \rightarrow, and the HTML entity is →.
⇌ is called the "Reversible Reaction Symbol". It represents chemical equilibrium. Its Unicode is U+21CC, the LaTeX command is \rightleftharpoons, and the HTML entity is ⇜.
↑ is called the "Gas Evolution Symbol". It denotes gas formation in products. Its Unicode is U+2191, the LaTeX command is \uparrow, and the HTML entity is ↑.
↓ is called the "Precipitation Symbol". It indicates solid precipitate formation. Its Unicode is U+2193, the LaTeX command is \downarrow, and the HTML entity is ↓.
△ is called the "Heating Symbol". It represents reaction under heat conditions. Its Unicode is U+25B3, the LaTeX command is \triangle, and the HTML entity is △.
aq is called the "Aqueous Solution Symbol". It indicates dissolved in water. Its Unicode is U+0061 U+0071, the LaTeX command is \text{aq}, and the HTML entity is aq.
s is called the "Solid State Symbol". It denotes solid phase matter. Its Unicode is U+0073, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{s}, and the HTML entity is s.
l is called the "Liquid State Symbol". It denotes liquid phase matter. Its Unicode is U+006C, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{l}, and the HTML entity is l.
g is called the "Gas State Symbol". It denotes gaseous phase matter. Its Unicode is U+0067, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{g}, and the HTML entity is g.
c is called the "Crystal Symbol". It indicates crystalline form. Its Unicode is U+0063, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{c}, and the HTML entity is c.
⊕ is called the "Cation Symbol". It represents positive charge. Its Unicode is U+2295, the LaTeX command is \oplus, and the HTML entity is ⊕.
⊖ is called the "Anion Symbol". It represents negative charge. Its Unicode is U+2296, the LaTeX command is \ominus, and the HTML entity is ⊖.
° is called the "Standard State Symbol". It indicates standard temperature and pressure. Its Unicode is U+00B0, the LaTeX command is ^\circ, and the HTML entity is °.
λ is called the "Wavelength Symbol". It represents wave properties. Its Unicode is U+03BB, the LaTeX command is \lambda, and the HTML entity is λ.
ν is called the "Frequency Symbol". It represents wave frequency. Its Unicode is U+03BD, the LaTeX command is \nu, and the HTML entity is ν.
σ is called the "Cross Section Symbol". It represents surface tension or reaction cross-section. Its Unicode is U+03C3, the LaTeX command is \sigma, and the HTML entity is σ.

📊 Stoichiometry Symbols (12)

n is called the "Amount of Substance Symbol". Its unit is mole (mol). Its Unicode is U+006E, the LaTeX command is n, and the HTML entity is n.
m is called the "Mass Symbol". It represents quantity of matter. Its Unicode is U+006D, the LaTeX command is m, and the HTML entity is m.
M is called the "Molar Mass Symbol". Mass per mole of substance. Its Unicode is U+004D, the LaTeX command is M, and the HTML entity is M.
V is called the "Volume Symbol". It represents space occupied. Its Unicode is U+0056, the LaTeX command is V, and the HTML entity is V.
c is called the "Concentration Symbol". Moles per liter solution. Its Unicode is U+0063, the LaTeX command is c, and the HTML entity is c.
ρ is called the "Density Symbol". Mass per unit volume. Its Unicode is U+03C1, the LaTeX command is \rho, and the HTML entity is ρ.
T is called the "Temperature Symbol". Thermodynamic temperature. Its Unicode is U+0054, the LaTeX command is T, and the HTML entity is T.
P is called the "Pressure Symbol". Force per unit area. Its Unicode is U+0050, the LaTeX command is P, and the HTML entity is P.
R is called the "Gas Constant Symbol". Universal gas constant value. Its Unicode is U+0052, the LaTeX command is R, and the HTML entity is R.
K is called the "Equilibrium Constant Symbol". Reaction completion measure. Its Unicode is U+004B, the LaTeX command is K, and the HTML entity is K.
E is called the "Electrode Potential Symbol". Redox reaction potential. Its Unicode is U+0045, the LaTeX command is E, and the HTML entity is E.
Δ is called the "Change Symbol". It represents physical quantity change. Its Unicode is U+0394, the LaTeX command is \Delta, and the HTML entity is Δ.

🧬 Organic Chemistry Symbols (12)

Me is called the "Methyl Group Symbol". It represents -CH₃. Its Unicode is U+004D U+0065, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Me}, and the HTML entity is Me.
Et is called the "Ethyl Group Symbol". It represents -CH₂CH₃. Its Unicode is U+0045 U+0074, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Et}, and the HTML entity is Et.
Pr is called the "Propyl Group Symbol". It represents -C₃H₇. Its Unicode is U+0050 U+0072, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Pr}, and the HTML entity is Pr.
Bu is called the "Butyl Group Symbol". It represents -C₄H₉. Its Unicode is U+0042 U+0075, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Bu}, and the HTML entity is Bu.
Ph is called the "Phenyl Group Symbol". It represents benzene ring -C₆H₅. Its Unicode is U+0050 U+0068, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Ph}, and the HTML entity is Ph.
Ac is called the "Acetyl Group Symbol". It represents CH₃CO-. Its Unicode is U+0041 U+0063, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Ac}, and the HTML entity is Ac.
Bz is called the "Benzoyl Group Symbol". It represents C₆H₅CO-. Its Unicode is U+0042 U+007A, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Bz}, and the HTML entity is Bz.
R is called the "Alkyl Group Symbol". Generic hydrocarbon chain. Its Unicode is U+0052, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{R}, and the HTML entity is R.
Ar is called the "Aryl Group Symbol". Generic aromatic group. Its Unicode is U+0041 U+0072, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Ar}, and the HTML entity is Ar.
X is called the "Halogen Symbol". Generic halogen substituent. Its Unicode is U+0058, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{X}, and the HTML entity is X.
Nu is called the "Nucleophile Symbol". Electron-rich reactive species. Its Unicode is U+004E U+0075, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{Nu}, and the HTML entity is Nu.
E⁺ is called the "Electrophile Symbol". Electron-deficient reactive species. Its Unicode is U+0045 U+207A, the LaTeX command is \mathrm{E}^+, and the HTML entity is E⁺.

⚗️ Laboratory Symbols (8)

⚗ is called the "Distillation Symbol". It represents distillation apparatus. Its Unicode is U+2697, and the HTML entity is ⚗.
🔬 is called the "Microscope Symbol". It represents microscopic analysis. Its Unicode is U+1F52C, and the HTML entity is 🔬.
🧪 is called the "Test Tube Symbol". It represents chemical reaction vessel. Its Unicode is U+1F9EA, and the HTML entity is 🧪.
🧫 is called the "Petri Dish Symbol". It represents cell culture and growth. Its Unicode is U+1F9EB, and the HTML entity is 🧫.
⚖ is called the "Balance Symbol". It represents precise mass measurement. Its Unicode is U+2696, and the HTML entity is ⚖.
🌡 is called the "Thermometer Symbol". It represents temperature monitoring. Its Unicode is U+1F321, and the HTML entity is 🌡.
⌛ is called the "Timer Symbol". It represents reaction time control. Its Unicode is U+231B, and the HTML entity is ⌛.
⚠ is called the "Warning Symbol". It represents laboratory safety hazard. Its Unicode is U+26A0, and the HTML entity is ⚠.

📌 Usage Guidelines

Follow international standards when using chemical symbols in academic writing: 1. Element symbols use capital-first letter formatting. 2. Physical quantities use italic font in formal documents. 3. Reaction arrows follow chemical equation rules. 4. Organic abbreviations should be defined on first use. 5. Use proper LaTeX packages for professional chemical formatting. 6. Verify Unicode compatibility across different platforms.

💡 Usage Tips

Click any symbol card to open the details panel. Copy Unicode, LaTeX commands, HTML entities, or SVG source code with one click. Download high-quality transparent PNG images (512×512px) for presentations, documents, and educational materials. For professional chemical equation typesetting, use LaTeX packages like mhchem or chemformula for perfect formatting.