Morse Code Chart | International Morse Code Reference

The Morse Code Chart is a standardized communication encoding system that converts text characters into sequences of dots and dashes. It was originally invented by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail in the 1830s for telegraph communication. Morse code uses two basic signal units—dots (short signals, pronounced "dit") and dashes (long signals, pronounced "dah")—in various combinations to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. Thanks to its simple encoding method and strong anti-interference capability, Morse code is still widely used today in radio communication, maritime and aviation navigation, emergency rescue signals, and amateur radio enthusiast exchanges. This page includes the most commonly used Latin letters A to Z, numbers 0 to 9, and common punctuation marks. Each character is provided with its standard Morse code, pronunciation rhythm, Unicode code, and HTML entity, making it easy for users to quickly look up and copy for use.

🔤 Detailed Morse Code for Letters A-Z

A is the letter A, with the Morse code ·− (dot-dash), pronounced "dit-dah". It is one of the most basic letter encodings. The letter A appears with extremely high frequency in English words and is one of the most commonly used letters in telegraph and radio communication, often used in call signs, Q-codes, and abbreviations. Its Unicode is U+0041, and its HTML entity is A. The Morse code for the letter A has a simple structure, consisting of only one dot signal and one dash signal, sent continuously without gaps between them. The total transmission time is approximately 3 basic time units (1 unit for a dot, 3 units for a dash).

B is the letter B, with the Morse code −··· (dash-dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dit-dit-dit". It consists of one dash followed by three dots. The letter B is quite common in call signs, particularly representing the NATO phonetic alphabet "Bravo" for B. Its Unicode is U+0042, and its HTML entity is B. When transmitting, note that a dash is three times the length of a dot. The interval between dots, and between dots and dashes, is 1 basic time unit. All signals within a letter must be sent continuously.

C is the letter C, with the Morse code −·−· (dash-dot-dash-dot), pronounced "dah-dit-dah-dit", presenting an alternating dash-dot structure. The letter C is often used in communication to represent the phonetic alphabet "Charlie" and appears in many common abbreviations. Its Unicode is U+0043, and its HTML entity is C. When transmitting, note the alternating dash and dot pattern. The overall rhythm is strong, making it suitable for beginners to practice distinguishing between dashes and dots.

D is the letter D, with the Morse code −·· (dash-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dit-dit". Its structure is similar to B but with one less dot. The letter D represents "Delta" in communication and is often used to indicate change or difference. Its Unicode is U+0044, and its HTML entity is D. When transmitting D, maintain even spacing between the two dots after the dash to ensure the receiver can accurately distinguish the encoding difference between B and D.

E is the letter E, with the Morse code · (dot), pronounced "dit". It is the shortest code in the entire Morse code system, consisting of only one dot signal. The letter E is the most frequently used letter in English, so its Morse code was designed to be the shortest to improve communication efficiency. Its Unicode is U+0045, and its HTML entity is E. Due to the extremely short code for E, special attention must be paid to signal clarity during transmission to avoid being mistaken for interference noise.

F is the letter F, with the Morse code ··−· (dot-dot-dash-dot), pronounced "dit-dit-dah-dit". It consists of two dots, one dash, and another dot. The letter F represents the phonetic alphabet "Foxtrot" in communication and is often used for position reports and navigation information. Its Unicode is U+0046, and its HTML entity is F. When transmitting F, the middle dash signal must maintain standard length, and the preceding and following dot signals must be evenly spaced.

G is the letter G, with the Morse code −−· (dash-dash-dot), pronounced "dah-dah-dit". It consists of two dashes and one dot. The letter G represents the phonetic alphabet "Golf" in communication and is one of the letters with longer encoding. Its Unicode is U+0047, and its HTML entity is G. When transmitting G, there must be a clear interval between the two dashes, and the final dot signal should be a clean finish. The total time is about 7 basic time units.

H is the letter H, with the Morse code ···· (dot-dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dit-dit-dit". It consists of four consecutive dot signals. The letter H represents the phonetic alphabet "Hotel" in communication, and its uniqueness lies in being composed entirely of dots. Its Unicode is U+0048, and its HTML entity is H. When transmitting four consecutive dots, pay attention to keeping the duration of each dot consistent and the intervals between dots even to avoid ambiguity.

I is the letter I, with the Morse code ·· (dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dit". It consists of only two dots. The letter I represents the phonetic alphabet "India" in communication and is one of the shorter encodings. Its Unicode is U+0049, and its HTML entity is I. When transmitting I, the two dots must maintain the same length and spacing, and care should be taken to distinguish it from the letter E (single dot).

J is the letter J, with the Morse code ·−−− (dot-dash-dash-dash), pronounced "dit-dah-dah-dah". It consists of one dot plus three dashes. The letter J represents the phonetic alphabet "Juliet" in communication and is one of the longest letter encodings, with a total time of about 13 basic time units. Its Unicode is U+004A, and its HTML entity is J. When transmitting J, pay attention to keeping the three consecutive dash signals uniform in length, with each dash occupying 3 time units.

K is the letter K, with the Morse code −·− (dash-dot-dash), pronounced "dah-dit-dah". It is a classic symmetrical encoding. The letter K represents the phonetic alphabet "Kilo" in communication and is often used to mean "Over" or "Please reply". Its Unicode is U+004B, and its HTML entity is K. When transmitting K, note that both the beginning and end are dashes, and the middle dot signal should be clear.

L is the letter L, with the Morse code ·−·· (dot-dash-dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dah-dit-dit". It consists of one dot, one dash, and two dots. The letter L represents the phonetic alphabet "Lima" in communication, and its structure contains one dash signal. Its Unicode is U+004C, and its HTML entity is L. When transmitting L, ensure that the two dots after the dash maintain consistent spacing with the opening dot.

M is the letter M, with the Morse code −− (dash-dash), pronounced "dah-dah". It consists of two dash signals. The letter M represents the phonetic alphabet "Mike" in communication and is a typical representative of the two-dash encoding. Its Unicode is U+004D, and its HTML entity is M. When transmitting M, the length and spacing of the two dashes should be consistent, with a total time of about 7 basic time units.

N is the letter N, with the Morse code −· (dash-dot), pronounced "dah-dit". It consists of one dash and one dot. The letter N represents the phonetic alphabet "November" in communication and is a mirror image of the encoding for the letter A (dot-dash). Its Unicode is U+004E, and its HTML entity is N. When transmitting N, the dash signal comes before the dot signal, so care should be taken to distinguish it from A.

O is the letter O, with the Morse code −−− (dash-dash-dash), pronounced "dah-dah-dah". It consists of three dash signals. The letter O represents the phonetic alphabet "Oscar" in communication, with a total time of about 11 basic time units. Its Unicode is U+004F, and its HTML entity is O. When transmitting O, the three dashes should maintain uniform length and spacing.

P is the letter P, with the Morse code ·−−· (dot-dash-dash-dot), pronounced "dit-dah-dah-dit". It has a symmetrical structure. The letter P represents the phonetic alphabet "Papa" in communication and is often used to indicate position information. Its Unicode is U+0050, and its HTML entity is P. When transmitting P, both the beginning and end are dot signals, with two dashes in the middle.

Q is the letter Q, with the Morse code −−·− (dash-dash-dot-dash), pronounced "dah-dah-dit-dah". It consists of two dashes, one dot, and one dash. The letter Q represents the phonetic alphabet "Quebec" in communication, with a total time of about 11 basic time units. Its Unicode is U+0051, and its HTML entity is Q. When transmitting Q, note that the middle dot signal is immediately followed by a dash, giving it a strong rhythmic feel.

R is the letter R, with the Morse code ·−· (dot-dash-dot), pronounced "dit-dah-dit". It is a symmetrical structure with a dash wrapped by dots. The letter R represents the phonetic alphabet "Romeo" in communication and is often used in the prosign for "Received". Its Unicode is U+0052, and its HTML entity is R. When transmitting R, the dash signal is centered with one dot on each side.

S is the letter S, with the Morse code ··· (dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dit-dit". It consists of three dots. The letter S represents the phonetic alphabet "Sierra" in communication and is one of the letters in the international distress signal SOS. Its Unicode is U+0053, and its HTML entity is S. When transmitting S, the three dots should maintain uniform duration to avoid misjudgment.

T is the letter T, with the Morse code − (dash), pronounced "dah". It consists of only one dash signal. The letter T is the second most frequently used letter in English, and its Morse code is extremely concise, with a total time of about 3 basic time units. Its Unicode is U+0054, and its HTML entity is T. When transmitting T, the dash signal should be clean and crisp.

U is the letter U, with the Morse code ··− (dot-dot-dash), pronounced "dit-dit-dah". It consists of two dots plus one dash. The letter U represents the phonetic alphabet "Uniform" in communication. Its Unicode is U+0055, and its HTML entity is U. When transmitting U, the dash signal is at the end, so care should be taken to distinguish it from the letter A.

V is the letter V, with the Morse code ···− (dot-dot-dot-dash), pronounced "dit-dit-dit-dah". It consists of three dots plus one dash. The letter V represents the phonetic alphabet "Victor" in communication and is often used to indicate victory or confirmation. Its Unicode is U+0056, and its HTML entity is V. When transmitting V, the final dash signal should be clear.

W is the letter W, with the Morse code ·−− (dot-dash-dash), pronounced "dit-dah-dah". It consists of one dot plus two dashes. The letter W represents the phonetic alphabet "Whiskey" in communication. Its Unicode is U+0057, and its HTML entity is W. When transmitting W, it begins with a dot, followed by two consecutive dashes.

X is the letter X, with the Morse code −··− (dash-dot-dot-dash), pronounced "dah-dit-dit-dah". Both the beginning and end are dash signals. The letter X represents the phonetic alphabet "X-ray" in communication and is often used to indicate unknown or error. Its Unicode is U+0058, and its HTML entity is X. When transmitting X, the two consecutive dots in the middle should maintain even spacing.

Y is the letter Y, with the Morse code −·−− (dash-dot-dash-dash), pronounced "dah-dit-dah-dah". It consists of one dash, one dot, and two dashes. The letter Y represents the phonetic alphabet "Yankee" in communication, with a total time of about 11 basic time units. Its Unicode is U+0059, and its HTML entity is Y. When transmitting Y, the two dashes at the end should be kept uniform.

Z is the letter Z, with the Morse code −−·· (dash-dash-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dah-dit-dit". It consists of two dashes plus two dots. The letter Z represents the phonetic alphabet "Zulu" in communication and is often used to indicate Zulu time (UTC time). Its Unicode is U+005A, and its HTML entity is Z. When transmitting Z, the dot signals come after the dash signals.

🔢 Detailed Morse Code for Numbers 0-9

0 is the number 0, with the Morse code −−−−− (dash-dash-dash-dash-dash), pronounced "dah-dah-dah-dah-dah". It consists of five dash signals, making it the longest encoding among all numbers, with a total time of about 19 basic time units. The number 0 is often used in communication to indicate time, frequency, and coordinate information. Its Unicode is U+0030, and its HTML entity is 0. When transmitting 0, the length of the five dashes must be consistent, and the intervals between each dash should be even.

1 is the number 1, with the Morse code ·−−−− (dot-dash-dash-dash-dash), pronounced "dit-dah-dah-dah-dah". It consists of one dot plus four dashes, with a total time of about 17 basic time units. The number 1 is often used to indicate quantity, channel number, or signal strength level. Its Unicode is U+0031, and its HTML entity is 1. When transmitting 1, the starting dot signal should be short and clear, followed by four consecutive dash signals maintaining standard length.

2 is the number 2, with the Morse code ··−−− (dot-dot-dash-dash-dash), pronounced "dit-dit-dah-dah-dah". It consists of two dots plus three dashes, with a total time of about 15 basic time units. The number 2 is often used in communication to indicate bearing, sequence number, or priority. Its Unicode is U+0032, and its HTML entity is 2. When transmitting 2, two dots come first, followed by three dashes. The dot signals should be uniform and clear.

3 is the number 3, with the Morse code ···−− (dot-dot-dot-dash-dash), pronounced "dit-dit-dit-dah-dah". It consists of three dots plus two dashes, with a total time of about 13 basic time units. The number 3 indicates "good signal" in signal strength reports. Its Unicode is U+0033, and its HTML entity is 3. When transmitting 3, the first half is dot signals and the second half is dash signals.

4 is the number 4, with the Morse code ····− (dot-dot-dot-dot-dash), pronounced "dit-dit-dit-dit-dah". It consists of four dots plus one dash, with a total time of about 11 basic time units. The number 4 is often used to indicate time (such as UTC time) and channel numbers. Its Unicode is U+0034, and its HTML entity is 4. When transmitting 4, the four dots should maintain an even rhythm, with the final dash signal providing a strong finish.

5 is the number 5, with the Morse code ····· (dot-dot-dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dit-dit-dit-dit". It consists of five dot signals, making it the only number composed entirely of dots, with a total time of about 9 basic time units. The number 5 is often used to indicate "very good" signal strength or a median value. Its Unicode is U+0035, and its HTML entity is 5. When transmitting 5, the five consecutive short dots should be uniform and clear to avoid overlapping or missing dot signals.

6 is the number 6, with the Morse code −···· (dash-dot-dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dit-dit-dit-dit". It consists of one dash plus four dots, with a total time of about 11 basic time units. The number 6 is often used to indicate direction (such as bearing 060) or frequency information. Its Unicode is U+0036, and its HTML entity is 6. When transmitting 6, it begins with a dash signal, followed by four evenly sent dot signals.

7 is the number 7, with the Morse code −−··· (dash-dash-dot-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dah-dit-dit-dit". It consists of two dashes plus three dots, with a total time of about 13 basic time units. The number 7 is often used in communication to indicate lucky numbers or specific codes. Its Unicode is U+0037, and its HTML entity is 7. When transmitting 7, the dash signals form the main part, with three dots at the end.

8 is the number 8, with the Morse code −−−·· (dash-dash-dash-dot-dot), pronounced "dah-dah-dah-dit-dit". It consists of three dashes plus two dots, with a total time of about 15 basic time units. The number 8 is often used to indicate bearing angles (such as 080 degrees) or numbering information. Its Unicode is U+0038, and its HTML entity is 8. When transmitting 8, keep the first three dashes uniform and finish clearly with two dots.

9 is the number 9, with the Morse code −−−−· (dash-dash-dash-dash-dot), pronounced "dah-dah-dah-dah-dit". It consists of four dashes plus one dot, with a total time of about 17 basic time units. The number 9 is often used to indicate emergency level or highest priority. Its Unicode is U+0039, and its HTML entity is 9. When transmitting 9, the final dot signal should be short and forceful, creating a sharp contrast with the preceding dash signals.

🔣 Detailed Morse Code for Common Punctuation Marks

. is the period (full stop), with the Morse code ·−·−·− (dot-dash-dot-dash-dot-dash), pronounced "dit-dah-dit-dah-dit-dah". It consists of three alternating dot-dash pairs. The period is used in telegraphy to indicate the end of a sentence and is one of the very important punctuation marks. Its Unicode is U+002E, and its HTML entity is .. When transmitting a period, note that the rhythm of the three dot-dash pairs should be even, with the overall spacing differing from the SOS signal.

, is the comma, with the Morse code −−··−− (dash-dash-dot-dot-dash-dash), pronounced "dah-dah-dit-dit-dah-dah". It consists of two dashes, two dots, and two dashes. The comma is used in telegraphy to separate sentence components, and its encoding is relatively long. Its Unicode is U+002C, and its HTML entity is ,. When transmitting a comma, the two dots in the middle should be clearly distinguishable.

? is the question mark, with the Morse code ··−−·· (dot-dot-dash-dash-dot-dot), pronounced "dit-dit-dah-dah-dit-dit". It consists of two dots, two dashes, and two dots. The question mark is used in communication to indicate a query or request for confirmation and is an indispensable symbol in interactive communication. Its Unicode is U+003F, and its HTML entity is ?. When transmitting a question mark, the structure is symmetrical, with dot signals at both the beginning and end.

/ is the slash, with the Morse code −··−· (dash-dot-dot-dash-dot), pronounced "dah-dit-dit-dah-dit". It consists of one dash, two dots, one dash, and one dot. The slash is often used to indicate separation, web addresses, or path information. Its Unicode is U+002F, and its HTML entity is /. When transmitting a slash, the dash-dot structure in the middle needs to be clearly distinguished.

@ is the at sign, with the Morse code ·−−·−· (dot-dash-dash-dot-dash-dot), pronounced "dit-dah-dah-dit-dah-dit". It consists of a dot, two dashes, a dot, a dash, and a dot. The at sign is crucial in email addresses and is an iconic symbol of the electronic communication era. Its Unicode is U+0040, and its HTML entity is @. Note that the encoding for the at sign is a modern extension of Morse code and was not part of the original Morse code.

- is the hyphen, with the Morse code −····− (dash-dot-dot-dot-dot-dash), pronounced "dah-dit-dit-dit-dit-dah". It consists of one dash, four dots, and one dash. The hyphen is used in text to connect compound words or separate phone numbers. Its Unicode is U+002D, and its HTML entity is -. When transmitting a hyphen, the four dots in the middle should be even, and care should be taken to distinguish it from the encoding for the number 4.

📌 Important Notes on Using Morse Code

First, the basic time unit in Morse code is the length of a dot. A dash is equal to three dots in length. The interval between dots and dashes within the same character is 1 unit, the interval between characters is 3 units, and the interval between words is 7 units. Second, the international distress signal SOS in Morse code is ···−−−··· (dot-dot-dot-dash-dash-dash-dot-dot-dot). When transmitting, send the three letters without character spacing in between, creating a unique rhythm of three short, three long, three short. Third, Morse code pronunciation may vary slightly in different languages. In English, a dot is often pronounced as "dit" and a dash as "dah". In Chinese, a dot is often pronounced as "di" (滴) and a dash as "da" (哒). Fourth, in modern communication, Morse code is still widely used by amateur radio enthusiasts, and many countries require amateur radio operators to master Morse code skills. Fifth, in emergency situations, Morse code can be transmitted through various means such as sound (whistling, tapping), light (flashlight, mirror reflection), or body movements, giving it extremely strong environmental adaptability. Sixth, the key to learning Morse code lies in mastering the rhythm of each character rather than mechanically memorizing the number of dots and dashes. It is recommended to improve recognition speed through listening practice and actual transmission/reception training. Seventh, the information on this page is suitable for radio communication learning, emergency distress signal training, cryptography education, and daily reference for Morse code enthusiasts.

💡 Usage Tips

Click on any character card to open a detail panel. In the panel, you can copy the character's Morse code, pronunciation rhythm, Unicode code, and HTML entity with one click. If you are learning Morse code, it is recommended to start with simple characters such as the letter E (single dot) and T (single dash), gradually mastering the dot-dash rhythm before moving on to more complex characters. For radio communication enthusiasts, this page can serve as a quick reference Morse code chart to consult at any time when you forget a character's encoding. Remembering the standard pronunciation rhythm of each character helps in recognizing Morse code signals by ear. The rhythm prompts provided on this page will serve as a reliable reference for you.